How common is keratoconus?

Keratoconus is a rare but serious eye condition with varying prevalence around the world. The exact prevalence varies by region and population due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can slow the progression of the disease and significantly improve the quality of life of those affected.

What is keratoconus?

Keratoconus is a relatively rare eye disease in which the cornea (the clear window of the eye) becomes thinner and cone-shaped. This change leads to a progressive deterioration in vision and may require a corneal transplant in advanced stages.

You can find out more about this in a separate article: What is keratoconus?

Prevalence of keratoconus:

The prevalence of keratoconus varies by geographic region and ethnic group. In most parts of the world, it is estimated that around 1 in 2,000 people are affected. However, recent studies suggest that this figure may be underestimated. Some studies show that the prevalence may be higher in certain populations, such as in the Middle East and South Asia. Here, the prevalence is as high as 1 in 500 people.

Reasons for the differences

The differences in the incidence of keratoconus can be explained by genetic, environmental and social factors. There are indications that genetic predispositions play a role, as the disease often runs in families. Environmental factors such as frequent rubbing of the eyes and certain allergic diseases can also contribute to the development of keratoconus.

Who is particularly frequently affected by keratoconus?

Most sufferers are between 20 and 30 years old at the time of diagnosis. Both sexes are affected – men are said to be affected twice as often as women. The risk of developing keratoconus is increased in people with:

• Trisomy 21
• Diseases of the connective tissue
• Neurodermatitis

A more recent study even found a frequency of 1 in 21 people. The wide range results on the one hand from the sensitivity of the examination measures. On the other hand, keratoconus varies in severity among those affected. The degree of change at which keratoconus is diagnosed is defined differently.